A controller must notify the data subjects of a personal data breach if the breach is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of those individuals unless what condition is met?

A controller is required to notify data subjects following a personal data breach that poses a high risk to their rights and freedoms, but there are specific conditions under which this obligation can be circumvented.

One such condition is when individual notice would require disproportionate effort. This means that if notifying each individual would be impractical or excessively burdensome, the controller can opt to disseminate a public notice instead, ensuring that the affected individuals are still informed indirectly.

Another condition is when prior implementation of appropriate technical measures made the personal data unintelligible to any unauthorized parties, such as encryption. In this scenario, if the data cannot be understood, the risk to the individuals is significantly mitigated, and notification may not be necessary.

Lastly, if post-breach actions have significantly reduced the risk to data subjects, this can also relieve the controller of the obligation to inform individuals. For example, if the organization takes swift action to contain the breach and rectify the situation, thereby lessening the potential for harm, it may not be necessary to notify affected individuals.

The inclusion of all these conditions illustrates the regulatory intent to balance the need for transparency and individual rights with practical considerations faced by organizations managing data breaches. Therefore, when evaluating the obligations of a data controller in this