In what scenarios can personal data be processed without consent?

Study for the IAPP Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe Exam. Use flashcards and multiple choice questions for effective preparation, with detailed hints and explanations. Get ready to boost your career in data privacy!

Processing personal data without consent is permitted under certain lawful bases established in data protection regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). One of these bases includes situations where the processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation or to protect vital interests of the data subject or another individual.

When there is a legal obligation, organizations must process data to fulfill a legal requirement, such as complying with tax laws or responding to law enforcement requests. In terms of vital interests, this allows data processing in life-or-death situations where consent cannot be obtained quickly enough, such as in medical emergencies.

The other options refer to situations that do not universally allow for processing without consent. In the scenario of promotional events and marketing, consent is typically required unless there are specific exemptions that apply. Similarly, while agencies may request data under certain legal frameworks, such requests must also align with the guiding principles of data protection and do not provide blanket authority for processing without consent. Lastly, the idea of data subjects agreeing is directly at odds with the question, as it suggests that consent is always necessary. Therefore, the only scenarios in which personal data can be processed without consent in this context are those explicitly outlined in legal obligations or vital interests.

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